admin, Author at Best Oncologist in Nagpur

BREAST CANCER: A FEMALE ONCOLOGIST’S PERSPECTIVE

As breast cancer cases rise among Indian women, awareness and early diagnosis are critical. Here’s a look at key challenges, common myths, and the importance of empathy in treatment

October is observed as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a time to make a concerted effort to raise awareness, show support, and enhance survival rates. Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women and is a curable cancer with early detection and proper treatment.

This year’s theme is “Every story is unique, every journey matters.”
It highlights how every patient’s journey with the disease — from diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation — is personal and different, and the need for compassionate, timely, and quality care for all.

Q1. As a female oncologist, what do you think are the major challenges in breast cancer treatment in India?

Mainly late-stage diagnosis, lack of resources or accessibility for screening and treatment, and lack of awareness about symptoms. But one of the major issues is the cultural stigma that really pulls women back from coming forward with symptoms. Widespread myths about the disease also hamper the situation.

Q2. Can you highlight some common myths about breast cancer?

Commonly, people think either that all breast lumps are cancerous or that any lump without pain is not problematic. Other myths include that only older women get cancer, that wearing a bra (underwired or otherwise) can cause cancer, or that using deodorants or talc can cause cancer.

Some believe mammography is painful and harmful, that all breast cancers are hereditary, or that doing a biopsy can spread the cancer. These are all myths.

Q3. What are the common symptoms of breast cancer?

Lump in the breast (painless or otherwise)
Nipple retraction
Change in the skin
Bloody or other discharge from the nipple
Lump in the armpit or neck

Q4. How does being a female oncologist help change your approach to breast cancer patients?

Firstly, it helps in getting patients to come for check-ups. With our society still treating it as a “women’s disease,” women feel more comfortable getting examined and openly discussing their complaints. The feeling of security and understanding is better.

Secondly, certain aspects of breast cancer treatment — like surgery (removing a body part) or hair loss during chemotherapy, which create changes in self-image — can be better empathised with by a female oncologist.

Q5. What are the psychological aspects of the disease, and how can they be dealt with?

Psychological aspects such as anxiety and fear are often overlooked in our system — both by doctors and family members.
Fear of the disease, anxiety about treatment side effects, permanent alterations in body image, and the stress of living with the disease — especially in advanced cases — are all relevant and common situations we face.

These issues can be managed through:

Breathing exercises
Yoga and meditation
Counselling sessions
Spending quality time with the patient

Q6. Breast cancer is being seen more and more in young women nowadays.

There are various hereditary factors, such as BRCA mutations, and environmental factors like obesity, hormonal exposure, and alcohol intake, which have increased the incidence in younger women.
This form of cancer is often more aggressive.

An important issue that arises with younger women is fertility preservation, as many cancer treatments can reduce the chances of having children later in life.

Q7. What is your message for women this month?

All I wish to emphasise to women this month is to take charge of your own health and not live in fear.
Breast cancer is a curable disease when detected early, and many advanced treatments — including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and breast-preserving surgery — are now available.

Q8. What are the options for early detection?

Early detection plays a key role in saving lives. Recommended steps include:

Self-breast examination every month
Clinical breast examination every six months by a doctor
Yearly screening mammography for women above 40 years

Q9. What can we do as a society to improve breast cancer care?

As a society, we can make a difference by:

Providing women with a safe space to share symptoms and stories
Organising awareness events in communities and workplaces
Conducting screening camps
Supporting local organisations through volunteering and donations

Dr. Sameeksha Dubey
Consultant Medical Oncologist
Samsara Cancer Care, Laxmi Nagar, Nagpur

The Triple Test in Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Early detection is the most effective weapon against breast cancer. In India, where nearly 1 in 22 women is at risk of developing breast cancer during her lifetime, diagnosing the disease early can mean the difference between cure and chronic care. The Triple Test has emerged as one of the most accurate and affordable methods to confirm breast cancer while minimizing unnecessary surgeries or anxiety.

What Is the Triple Test?

The Triple Test is a three-step diagnostic process that evaluates a breast lump or abnormality from three independent angles — clinical, radiological, and pathological. When all three components agree, the accuracy of diagnosis is almost 100 percent.

Clinical Breast Examination (CBE):
Conducted by a trained oncologist like Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, this step involves a detailed physical examination of the breasts and underarms to check for lumps, nipple discharge, dimpling, or skin changes.
Imaging – Mammogram and/or Ultrasound:
For women over 40, a mammogram is the gold standard. Younger women with dense breast tissue benefit from an ultrasound or MRI scan. Sometimes both are used for clarity.
Tissue Diagnosis – FNAC or Core Needle Biopsy:
A small sample of cells from the lump is examined under a microscope to identify cancer cells and their type. Though FNAC is quite commonly practised, it’s Core needle biopsy that is the recommended test.

If all three results are benign, the lump is almost certainly non-cancerous. If all are positive, treatment can begin immediately without further delay.

Why It Matters for India

According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR 2023), India records over 1.78 lakh new breast cancer cases every year. Unfortunately, nearly half of them are diagnosed at Stage 3 or 4 — when treatment becomes more complex and costly. The Triple Test helps bridge this gap by detecting cancer in its earliest, most curable stage.

Many women ignore early symptoms like a painless lump or underarm swelling, thinking it is hormonal or temporary. Dr. Sameeksha Dubey emphasizes, “Even if you feel no pain, get evaluated immediately. A five-minute examination can save your life.”

Beyond the Test – Personalized Diagnosis at Samsara

At Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur, the Triple Test is performed within a single center, ensuring accuracy, speed, and comfort. Digital mammography, image-guided biopsy, and pathology review are coordinated so patients receive their diagnosis within 48–72 hours.

This streamlined system reduces emotional stress and cost while allowing earlier treatment planning. The center’s focus on women’s oncology makes it a trusted destination for patients from Vidarbha and beyond.

Key Takeaway

The Triple Test is not just a diagnostic tool — it’s a lifeline for early breast cancer detection. Women who undergo regular check-ups and timely testing have up to 95 percent cure rates when diagnosed at Stage 1.

Redirect:
For accurate and fast breast cancer diagnosis in Nagpur, consult Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur under the expert guidance of Dr. Sameeksha Dubey — Central India’s only female

medical oncologist specializing in breast cancer management

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No-Surgery Treatment Options for Breast Cancer

By Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, Medical Oncologist, Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur

Keywords: non-surgical breast cancer treatment India, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, breast cancer causing factors, female oncologist Nagpur

The word “cancer” often creates fear — and the thought of surgery adds to that anxiety. However, modern oncology offers multiple no-surgery treatment options for breast cancer that are effective, safe, and personalized to each patient’s needs.

Understanding When Surgery Is Not the Only Option

Not every case requires immediate or extensive surgery. If breast cancer is detected early or has specific biological features, non-surgical approaches can control or even eradicate the disease. Dr. Sameeksha Dubey and her team at Samsara Cancer Care use a multimodal treatment plan that balances efficacy and quality of life.

Key Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Targeted Therapy
These medications focus on specific molecular abnormalities within cancer cells. For example, HER2-positive tumors respond to Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. These drugs block the proteins that allow cancer to grow — a major breakthrough in reducing the impact of breast cancer causing genes.
Hormone Therapy
About 70 percent of Indian breast cancers are estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive. Hormone-blocking drugs like Tamoxifen or Letrozole suppress the hormonal triggers that feed tumor growth, often allowing control without surgery.
Chemotherapy
Advanced drug combinations can shrink tumors before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) or treat cancer that has spread. In select cases, especially metastatic ones, chemotherapy can be the primary treatment — no surgery needed.
Immunotherapy
This innovative approach uses the body’s own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Drugs like Pembrolizumab have shown promising results in triple-negative breast cancer.
Radiation Therapy
Advanced image-guided radiation targets the tumor precisely, sparing healthy tissue. For elderly or medically unfit patients, radiation alone can control early stage disease without surgery.

The Indian Scenario

According to Globocan 2023, India accounts for 14 percent of global breast cancer cases. With awareness and screening still low, many patients arrive at advanced stages. However, those diagnosed early have access to these non-invasive treatments that preserve the breast and maintain confidence.

Dr. Sameeksha Dubey notes, “Our goal is not just to treat cancer but to help women live fully. With modern medical oncology, a large number of our patients never need major surgery.”

The Samsara Cancer Care Approach

At Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur, every treatment plan is personalized based on tumor biology, genetic testing, and patient preference. The center provides comprehensive medical oncology care including chemotherapy infusions, targeted therapy, and counseling under one roof.

Key Takeaway

Non-surgical breast cancer treatments are revolutionizing how women heal — with less pain, shorter recovery, and better quality of life. India’s medical advancements and expertise in Nagpur through Dr. Sameeksha Dubey ensure that patients receive world-class care close to home.

Redirect:
For guidance on non-surgical breast cancer treatment options, visit Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur and consult Dr. Sameeksha Dubey — bringing evidence-based, patient-centered oncology to Central India.

Is Stage 1 Breast Cancer Curable?

When women hear the word cancer, the first reaction is fear — fear of the unknown, of pain, and of losing hope. But in today’s era of advanced oncology, Stage 1 breast cancer is not only treatable but often completely curable, especially when detected early and managed scientifically.

At Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur, Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, one of Central India’s most trusted and experienced oncologists, emphasizes that awareness and timely medical attention can convert breast cancer from a life-threatening disease into a successfully managed condition.

Understanding Stage 1 Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is categorized into stages (0 to 4) based on tumor size, spread, and lymph node involvement. Stage 1 means the cancer is confined within the breast tissue, possibly involving one or two nearby lymph nodes but not spreading elsewhere.

In simple terms, the disease is still localized — and that’s what makes this stage highly curable. The five-year survival rate for Stage 1 breast cancer exceeds 95 percent, provided the patient receives timely diagnosis and evidence-based treatment.

What causes breast cancer at this early stage?

While genetics and hormones play roles, the majority of cases in India are linked to modifiable risk factors. Some breast cancer causing habits and conditions include:

Prolonged exposure to hormonal contraceptives or post-menopausal hormones
Obesity or high-fat diets that increase estrogen production
Exposure to plastics and preservatives containing BPA and phthalates
Lack of physical activity
Alcohol consumption and smoking
Family history or inherited mutations (BRCA1/BRCA2)

However, it is crucial to understand that not every woman with these risks will develop breast cancer. What makes a difference is awareness, timely screening, and guided intervention.

How Stage 1 Breast Cancer Is Diagnosed

At Samsara Cancer Care, diagnosis begins with a Triple Test, which includes:

Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) by the oncologist
Imaging – mammography or ultrasound to identify the tumor’s location and size
Biopsy or FNAC – confirming whether the cells are malignant

When combined, this approach achieves near-perfect accuracy in diagnosing early breast cancer, ensuring that treatment begins at the right time.

Is it curable? The treatment roadmap

Yes, Stage 1 breast cancer is curable in the majority of women. The treatment plan is personalized, depending on receptor status (ER, PR, HER2), age, and genetic profile.

Surgery (Lumpectomy or Mastectomy): Removal of the tumor while preserving as much breast tissue as possible.
Radiation Therapy: Ensures microscopic cells are eliminated post-surgery.
Hormonal Therapy: For hormone-sensitive cancers, medications block estrogen activity to prevent recurrence.
Targeted Therapy: Drugs like Trastuzumab specifically attack cancer cells with HER2 receptors, improving cure rates.

Modern treatment approaches at Samsara Cancer Care focus not only on survival but also on quality of life, with minimal side effects and maximum recovery.

Emotional and physical recovery

A breast cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, but Dr. Sameeksha Dubey emphasizes that physical healing must go hand-in-hand with emotional support. Nutrition guidance, physiotherapy, and mental well-being programs are integral to the recovery process.

At Samsara Cancer Care, patients are guided through survivorship programs that focus on long-term wellness, helping women return to their normal routines confidently.

Prevention and early detection

Even though no single factor can be labeled as the breast cancer causing reason, adopting preventive habits drastically lowers risk:

Perform monthly self-breast examinations.
Schedule annual mammograms after age 40.
Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and fiber.
Avoid alcohol, smoking, and processed foods.
Manage weight and stress effectively.

Final word

Stage 1 breast cancer represents hope, not despair. With early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, full recovery is achievable in most women.

As Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, Medical Oncologist at Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur, often tells her patients — “Early detection is the closest thing we have to a cure.”

If you or a loved one has been recently diagnosed with early breast cancer or wish to undergo preventive screening, visit Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur. With expertise, compassion, and advanced technology, the centre provides complete care from diagnosis to recovery.

Breast cancer causing anxiety can be replaced with breast cancer surviving confidence — when you act early.

Hidden Carcinogens in Your Kitchen: What Every Indian Family Should Know

In every Indian household, the kitchen is seen as a sacred place — where nourishment, health, and family bonding begin. However, what many do not realize is that several everyday ingredients, cooking habits, and materials commonly found in our kitchens may quietly contribute to cancer risk. As an oncologist practicing in Nagpur, I, Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, have observed that dietary and lifestyle factors are often underestimated in discussions about what might be “breast cancer causing” or linked to other cancers.

This article aims to make every household aware of the subtle but significant carcinogens hiding in plain sight.

1. Reused or overheated cooking oil

In Indian cooking, deep frying and reusing oil are common practices. When oil is heated repeatedly, especially refined oils like sunflower or palm oil, it undergoes oxidation and produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and acrylamides — substances proven to be breast cancer causing in laboratory and epidemiological studies. These compounds damage cell DNA and can trigger mutations over time. It is safer to use cold-pressed oils such as mustard, groundnut, or rice bran and avoid reheating previously used oil.

2. Non-stick cookware and plastic containers

Many families use non-stick pans and plastic boxes out of convenience. However, overheated non-stick cookware releases perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while microwaving food in plastic containers can leach Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates into food. These chemicals disrupt hormones and are strongly associated with breast cancer causing mechanisms due to their estrogen-like effects on breast tissue. Consider switching to stainless steel, cast iron, or glass utensils.

3. Processed masalas, pickles, and ready-to-eat foods

Packaged masalas, instant gravies, pickles, and preserved foods often contain high levels of sodium nitrates, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and artificial coloring agents. While these enhance flavor and shelf life, they can produce nitrosamines in the body — carcinogenic compounds linked to gastrointestinal and breast cancers. Opt for homemade spice mixes, sun-dried herbs, and fresh chutneys prepared with traditional methods instead. Processed meats have also been proven to carcinogenic.

4. Burnt or charred food

It’s common in Indian homes to roast papads, rotis, or barbecue vegetables or charring/overcooking meats until they char. However, burnt or blackened portions contain acrylamide and heterocyclic amines, both recognized by the World Health Organization as cancer-causing chemicals. To reduce exposure, cook at moderate heat and avoid charring food. Even small adjustments in daily cooking habits can lower long-term risk.

5. Areca nut, tobacco, and processed supari

Although not an ingredient, areca nut (supari) and flavored tobacco products often find space in kitchen drawers. Arecoline, the active compound in supari, is a confirmed carcinogen leading to oral, throat, and esophageal cancers. It is critical to eliminate such items from all food spaces to prevent passive exposure in children and elders.

Understanding the connection: environment and breast cancer

Environmental and dietary exposure play a large role in what can be called breast cancer causing conditions. Research from Indian and international studies highlights that long-term contact with endocrine disruptors, synthetic food additives, and oxidized oils increases the risk of breast and other hormone-dependent cancers.

Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, as a leading oncologist at Samsara Cancer Care, emphasizes that prevention starts with awareness — not fear. Patients often ask if cancer can be completely avoided. While not every risk factor is controllable, the everyday exposures within our kitchens can absolutely be reduced through conscious choices.

Practical prevention checklist for every home

Replace refined and reused oils with cold-pressed alternatives.
Stop microwaving food in plastic containers; use glass or ceramic.
Avoid burning or over-roasting foods.
Limit processed masalas and instant mixes.
Keep the kitchen free from tobacco or supari.

Final note: prevention through awareness

In modern India, where lifestyle-related cancers are rising, prevention through education remains the strongest line of defense. Kitchens can either protect or endanger health depending on how ingredients and materials are handled.

If you have concerns about your family’s exposure or want to assess your individual cancer risk, book a preventive consultation at Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur. Under the guidance of Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, Central India’s only female Medical Oncologist, the centre provides comprehensive evaluation, lifestyle modification counselling, and early detection programs.

Every informed choice you make today helps reduce tomorrow’s cancer burden. Awareness is the first ingredient of health — and it begins in your kitchen.

Can Pain or Lump in the Underarm Be a Sign of Breast Cancer?

A sudden pain, swelling, or lump in the underarm may seem harmless — something caused by infection, shaving, or muscle strain. However, for some women, an underarm lump is not just a minor issue; it can be an early sign of breast cancer.

As a practicing oncologist in Nagpur, Dr. Sameeksha Dubey encounters several women who visit late, assuming that underarm pain will resolve on its own. This delay often allows breast cancer to progress quietly. Understanding the connection between the armpit and breast tissue can help detect disease at a stage when it is fully curable.

Why underarm changes matter

The underarm (axilla) contains lymph nodes that act as filters for infection and abnormal cells from the breast and surrounding areas. When breast cancer cells begin to spread, they frequently travel to these nodes first. Hence, an underarm lump may sometimes appear before a visible lump forms in the breast.

An underarm lump can therefore serve as a sentinel warning — one of the most crucial but often overlooked early signs of breast cancer causing lymph node enlargement.

How to identify concerning signs

Not every lump or swelling under the arm means cancer. But certain characteristics need medical attention:

Hard and fixed lump: unlike soft, movable infections, cancerous nodes feel firm and attached to deeper tissue.
Painless swelling: infections usually hurt; cancerous lumps often do not.
Persistent size increase: if a lump remains for more than two weeks or grows, it warrants testing.
Associated breast symptoms: thickening, dimpling, nipple discharge, or changes in breast shape strengthen suspicion.

If these symptoms appear, do not self-medicate or massage the area — see an oncologist immediately.

Diagnostic approach: confirming the cause

At Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur, Dr. Sameeksha Dubey follows a structured approach called the Triple Test — a gold standard in breast cancer diagnosis:

Clinical Breast Examination (CBE): to assess the nature of the lump.
Imaging (Mammography or Ultrasound): to visualize structure and location.
Biopsy (FNAC or Core Needle): to confirm whether the cells are benign or malignant.

When all three components point toward malignancy, diagnosis accuracy exceeds 99 percent.

Why early detection matters

Breast cancer detected at Stage 1 or 2 is completely curable in over 90 percent of women with proper treatment. Underarm swelling may be the first clue to such early detection.

Ignoring an underarm lump because it seems small or painless allows potential cancer cells to spread to deeper lymph nodes, bones, or lungs — turning a curable condition into a challenging one.

What might be “breast cancer causing” in this context

Factors such as hormonal imbalance, long-term exposure to plastics and chemicals, obesity, early puberty, or late menopause can alter breast tissue behavior. These are part of the growing discussion on what may be breast cancer causing in Indian women. Regular check-ups and awareness of subtle body changes play a major preventive role.

Dr. Sameeksha Dubey stresses that early consultation is not just about treatment; it’s about reassurance. In many cases, lumps are non-cancerous, and timely evaluation prevents unnecessary anxiety.

Practical steps every woman should take

Perform a monthly self-examination, especially after menstruation.
Visit a specialist once a year for a clinical breast exam.
Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking or alcohol.
Report any underarm or breast change immediately instead of waiting for it to subside.

Where to seek help

For women across Nagpur and Maharashtra, Samsara Cancer Care provides comprehensive diagnostic and treatment facilities under one roof. From advanced imaging to targeted therapy and counselling, the centre’s approach is personalized, evidence-based, and compassionate.

Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, Central India’s only female Medical Oncologist, leads the program focused on early breast cancer detection and prevention. Her expertise ensures that each patient receives accurate guidance and prompt care — the two most powerful weapons against cancer.

Final note

A lump in the underarm should never be ignored. While not every swelling is malignant, it is vital to rule out serious causes early. Early detection means easier treatment, fewer complications, and a higher chance of complete recovery.

If you have noticed underarm pain, swelling, or a lump, book a consultation today at Samsara Cancer Care, Nagpur for an expert evaluation by Dr. Sameeksha Dubey.

Because awareness and timely action can transform what might be breast cancer causing fear into a story of confident recovery.

Stages of Cancer Treatment

Being diagnosed with cancer brings about a multitude of emotions and concerns. After a doctor gives an official diagnosis of cancer, they target certain methods to determine the type and stage of the cancer. The most critical aspect to managing cancer is understanding its staging, which provides valuable information about the tumor size and its spread within the body. Recognizing cancer at the earliest stages can provide the greatest chance of an effective treatment. In this article, we will delve into the different cancer staging systems, while discussing some additional factors that help determine the course of treatment.

Understanding Cancer Staging

Cancer staging is a kind of process that analyzes the kind and form of tumor that the patient is suffering from. Basically, it forms a good base for determining the extent to which it will respond to treatment and also the general survival rate. However, the exact criteria for staging are different for different types of cancer.

Discussing the cancer staging groups, generally it categorizes four broad stages, denoted in Roman Numeral form. These stages are instrumental in guiding your doctor predicting outcomes, while assisting in determining the most effective treatments options. The majority of cancer stages range from 0 (carcinoma in situ) to IV (advanced or metastatic cancer) where the higher number indicates the most advanced form of cancer.

Stage 0: This is a stage where a doctor identifies growth of some abnormal tissues that have not yet spread to other parts of the body. Doctors often call this stage as carcinoma in situ. At this stage, the abnormal cells aren’t in fact cancerous, but could develop into cancer if not treated.

Stage I: Considered as an early stage of cancer where the tumor is usually small and confined to one area of the body. This stage typically has a better survival rate than the more advanced types of cancer.

Stage II: This stage recognises that the tumor has grown a little in size and begun to spread in surrounding tissues. The outlook for those suffering from stage II can vary depending on their age, general health and the kind of cancer they suffer from.

Stage III: This stage refers to a position where the tumor has grown in size than in stage I and II, trying to invade larger body areas.

Stage IV: Considered as the most severe cancer stage, where the tumor is usually large and has spread to different areas within the body.

A Brief About Clinical and Pathological Stages

According to some tests conducted prior the treatment begins, doctors use clinical and pathologic information to determine the overall stage. Basically, Clinical stage refers to the severity estimate based on some test results prior to the surgery. The doctors base their diagnosis on the information they gather from physical examinations and other tests. While, the Pathological stage, generally obtained after surgery is considered more accurate. Moreover, these stages involve imaging scans, blood tests, and biopsies that contribute to determining the extent of cancer spread.

TNM System:

The TNM system forms the most common cancer staging system which stands as Node, and Metastasis. The values T, N, and M are assigned based on the following measurements and observations:

Tumor (T): This describes the information on the size and location of the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis.

Node (N): This tells if cancer has spread to lymph nodes as through these nodes the cancerous cells expand to other areas of the body. Based on these details, the doctor bases their classification of lymph nodes on their location and the number of lymph nodes carrying cancer.

Metastasis (M): Metastasis occurs when a tumor has grown beyond the lymph nodes into other parts within your body. A MI diagnosis determines if cancer has spread to distant organs and tissues.

Other Factors That Involve Cancer Staging

In addition to staging, there are some extra factors that doctors may use to understand the cancer behavior better and tailor treatment plans. These may include:

Grade: For most cancer types, it is a measurement of how abnormal cancerous cells appear in the microscope. Also known as differentiation, it is crucial to know the grade because cancers tend to have more abnormal-looking cells that spread and grow more quickly.

Location: For some cancers, the primary location can affect its outlook and must be considered essentially when determining the stage.

Tumor Markers: In certain cancers, the elevated levels in blood or urine can indicate the influence of the cancer stage.

Genetics: Sometimes, the specialists also prefer to analyze the DNA of the cancer cell as it helps to predict the likelihood of spread and informs treatment decisions.

Conclusion

As we discussed, understanding the cancer staging system holds a paramount importance in navigating through the complex landscape of diagnosis and treatment. This information can help the doctors to predict the treatment course, and how likely the treatment will be successful. While the circumstances may vary from person to person based upon the cancer type and outlook. However, the individuals can easily navigate through their cancer journey with a clear understanding of their stage and prognosis with the best consultation. Selecting the collaborative approach with Dr. Sameeksha Dubey will help the patient to foster a sense of confidence and resilience.

Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Cancer Risk: What You Need to Know

Obesity and overweight are the second most significant cause of cancer in the world, and the fight against obesity has become a widespread problem in today’s rapidly changing society. According to a new report by the World Obesity Federation, more than half of the world’s population will be overweight or obese by 2035.

What is Obesity?

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive body fats that increase the risk of multiple health problems and diseases. This can include heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, liver disease, sleep problems, as well as certain cancers.

The Best Medical Oncologist in Nagpur suggests numerous reasons individuals have trouble losing weight. Often, obesity results from inherited, physiological, and environmental factors combined with diet, physical activity, and exercise choices.

Obesity has wide-ranging consequences that can include heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, liver disease, and sleep problems, it substantially increases the likelihood of developing multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and various cancers, including:

Cancer of the breast
Cancer of the colon and rectum
Cancer of the uterus
Cancer of the esophagus
Tumour in the gallbladder
Cancer of the liver
Cancer of the kidneys
Cancer of the pancreas
Stomach cancer
Cancer of ovaries
Meningioma
Multiple Myeloma

Symptoms

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the principal metric to ascertain whether an individual is obese or overweight. A person with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher is classified as obese, per the CDC. It is important to note that BMI may not be the sole indicator of obesity; age-related muscle decline (sarcopenia) and muscle mass should also be considered.

Categories of BMI:

Under 18.5: Underweight
18.5 to 24.9; healthy
25.0 to 29.9: overweight
30.0 to 39.9: Obesity
40.0 or more: severe obesity

Various ways to clarify the direct /indirect relationship between obesity and cancer:

Adipose cells can create an environment that leads to chronic inflammation by damaging cellular DNA and promoting unchecked cell proliferation, which ultimately leads to the growth of tumors.

Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing cancers, including those of the breast, gynecologic, colorectal, kidney, and other organs, by disrupting hormone secretion, including that of estrogen and insulin.

Cell Regulation: Hormones or proteins that regulate cell growth may be disrupted by adipose cells, leading to aberrant cell division and the development of tumors.

Obesity may weaken T-cells close to tumor cells, limiting their ability to attack and eliminate cancerous cells.

Treatment and Diagnosis Implications:

The Best Oncologist in Nagpur says that beyond the risk of developing severe cancer, obesity can also increase complexities in diagnostic imaging and difficulties in acquiring images. Also, the complexity of radiation therapy and surgery is highlighted as a result of the expansion of tissue and the possibility of unintended harm.

A study in 2017 found that cells may be capable of absorbing and degrading chemotherapy medications, thereby diminishing their efficacy and possibly elucidating the association between obesity and unfavorable prognoses across a range of cancers.

In addition to increasing the risk of developing cancer, obesity contributes to the development of complications like diabetes. The convergence of obesity, diabetes, and cancer presents healthcare professionals with a complex predicament that requires them to maintain a nuanced equilibrium throughout treatment.

Principle Obstacle Include:

Steroid use of chemotherapy can lead to high glucose levels. This can cause an inability to regulate blood sugar, resulting in unfavorable outcomes, impaired wound healing, and increased risk of infections. Additionally, cancer-related fatigue and loss of appetite can worsen.

Reducing the Risk of Cancer via Weight Loss:

Despite obstacles, Eating healthy and being more active is the best way to improve your health. Suppose a person is overweight or obese. Losing 10% of body weight can reduce the risk of developing cancer and other serious diseases. Research shows that postmenopausal women lose 5 percent of their body weight and have a lower risk of developing endometrial cancer. If you find losing weight difficult, eating a more balanced diet and exercising regularly can help to lower the risk of cancer.

Here are Some Steps you can take to help you make a healthier choice

Exercise Daily: If you struggle with being more active and are on a diet, Your dietician can help. A professional dietician, gym trainer, physiologist, or doctor specializing in weight loss can quickly help you change your routine.

Get Support: Feeling supported when pushing yourself very hard to make lifestyle changes is essential. They can help you to make healthier changes and stick with them over time. Talk to your friends about the changes you want to make and ask them for help.

Weight loss Surgery: If you have a severe health condition related to obesity, such as heart disease or diabetes, weight loss surgery can be an option for you. Weight loss or bariatric surgery is only considered for people with a BMI of 40 or 35 or more severe health conditions.

Conclusion – Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, a Cancer Specialist in Nagpur research, highlights the connection between obesity and cancer. It is essential to work with your healthcare team and make healthy changes in your lifestyle to reduce weight and the risk of disease. It emphasizes the urgent need for awareness and proactive measures by understanding the complex interplay of factors that can help reduce cancer risk and improve well-being. Losing weight is a fictional step towards a healthy, cancer-resistant life.

Understanding the Role of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer: A Key to Unleashing the Body’s Defense

In the field of oncology, years of research and practice are devoted to understanding the complexities of cancer and its relationship with the immune system. In recent times, the concept of immune checkpoints has emerged as a groundbreaking avenue in cancer therapy, rerevolutionizinghe way we approach treatment strategies.

What are Immune Checkpoints?

To comprehend the significance of immune checkpoints in cancer, let’s first grasp the basics. Immune checkpoints are pathways in the immune system that regulate the duration and strength of an immune response. They act as crucial gatekeepers, preventing the immune system from attacking healthy cells while also modulating the immune response against threats like cancer cells.

The Role of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer

Cancer cells can exploit these checkpoints, tricking the immune system into believing they are harmless, thus evading detection and destruction. Tumours often express molecules that interact with checkpoint proteins, effectively putting the brakes on the immune response, allowing cancer to thrive unchecked.

The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. These checkpoints act as ‘immune brakes’ that, when inhibited, can unleash the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Revolutionising Cancer Therapy: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Enter immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a class of drugs designed to block these checkpoints, reinvigorating the immune response against cancer. Drugs targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 have shown remarkable success in various cancers, significantly improving patient outcomes and survival rates.

Take, for instance, the success of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies in melanoma, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. By blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, these therapies enable T cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells effectively.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite the promising results, challenges persist. Not all patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, responses may take a long duration to become apparent on radiology and some may experience adverse effects due to the unleashed immune response attacking healthy tissues, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Understanding the factors influencing response rates and managing these side effects remain crucial areas of research.

Moreover, combination therapies involving ICIs, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or other immunotherapies are being explored to enhance efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms developed by tumours.

The Need for Personalized Medicine

Every patient’s cancer is unique, necessitating a personalised approach to treatment. Biomarkers play a pivotal role in predicting a patient’s response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Identifying reliable biomarkers can aid in selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from these therapies, optimising treatment strategies for better outcomes.

Conclusion

The discovery and utilisation of immune checkpoints in cancer therapy represent a monumental leap forward in oncology. By unleashing the body’s natural defence mechanisms, immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, offering hope to patients and paving the way for more targeted, effective therapies.

As we continue to delve deeper into the complexities of the immune system and cancer interactions, the future holds immense promise for further advancements in immunotherapy. It’s a privilege to witness and contribute to this groundbreaking era in cancer research, bringing us closer to more personalised and effective treatments for patients worldwide.

Understanding Precancerous Conditions and the Vital Role of Early Detection in Cancer

Cancer, a formidable adversary to human health, often starts as minuscule changes within the body that progress over time. In many cases, these changes manifest as
precancerous conditions, indicating a potential for the development of cancerous cells. Understanding these precursors and the significance of early detection can be pivotal in preventing the progression of cancer.

What Are Precancerous Conditions?

Precancerous conditions refer to cellular changes that are not yet cancerous but have the potential to become cancer if left untreated. These alterations may vary in
severity, ranging from mild abnormalities to more advanced changes. Examples of precancerous conditions include:

1.Leukoplakia & Erythroplakia : White or flat red spots/lesions found on the oral mucosa ( inside mouth), which cannot be removed or explained by any other cause, have the potential to develop into oral cancers.

2. Actinic Keratosis: Commonly found on sun-exposed skin, these crusty, scaly patches can develop into skin cancer if not addressed.

3. Cervical Dysplasia: Abnormal cells on the cervix, often detected through Pap smears, can lead to cervical cancer if not managed.

4. Colon Polyps: Growth in the colon lining, some of which can evolve into colon cancer over time.

5. Barrett’s Esophagus: Changes in the esophagus lining due to chronic acid reflux, which may progress to esophageal cancer.

Importance of Early Detection

Early detection plays a crucial role in combating cancer. Detecting precancerous conditions or cancer in its initial stages significantly increases the chances of
successful treatment and cure. Here’s why early detection matters:

Increased Treatment Options: Detecting cancer early often offers a wider array of treatment options, including less invasive procedures and higher success rates.

Improved Prognosis: When cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, the chances of successful treatment and a positive prognosis are significantly higher.

Reduced Morbidity and Mortality: Early detection may prevent cancer from spreading, reducing the risk of complications and mortality associated with advanced-stage cancer.

Methods of Early Detection

Several screening methods and tests aid in the early detection of cancer and precancerous conditions:

Regular Screening Tests: Routine screenings such as mammograms, Pap smears, colonoscopies, and skin examinations help detect abnormalities before they progress into cancer.

Genetic Testing: Assessing genetic predispositions to certain cancers enables individuals to take preventive measures or opt for more frequent screenings.

Biopsies and Imaging Tests: Biopsies of suspicious areas and imaging techniques like MRI, CT scans, and ultrasounds assist in identifying abnormalities for further evaluation.

Reducing Risks and Preventive Measures

While not all cancers can be prevented, adopting certain lifestyle changes can minimise the risk of developing cancer or precancerous conditions:

Healthy Diet and Exercise: Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while staying physically active can lower cancer risk.

Avoiding Tobacco and Limiting Alcohol: Steering clear of tobacco products and moderating alcohol consumption decreases the likelihood of various cancers.

Sun Protection: Using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure can prevent skin cancer.

Regular Check-ups and Screenings: Following recommended screening guidelines based on age, gender, and individual risk factors is crucial in early detection.

Challenges in Early Detection

Despite the advancements in medical technology, some challenges persist in early cancer detection:

Access to Healthcare: Socioeconomic factors often limit access to healthcare services and screenings, leading to delayed detection.

Limited Sensitivity of Tests: Some screening tests may yield false-negative results, giving a false sense of security while cancer or precancerous conditions may still be present.

Patient Compliance: Adherence to recommended screenings and follow-up appointments can be challenging for some individuals, affecting timely detection.

Conclusion

Understanding precancerous conditions and the importance of early detection is pivotal in the fight against cancer. Regular screenings, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and raising awareness about the significance of early detection are key elements in reducing the burden of cancer. Empowering individuals with knowledge about preventive measures and the value of proactive healthcare can contribute significantly to improving cancer outcomes.

Remember, early detection saves lives. By staying informed, proactive, and attentive to your health, you play an active role in safeguarding yourself against the potential risks of cancer and precancerous conditions.

Unravelling the 10 Main Causes of Cancer in India

Cancer, a formidable adversary of human health, continues to pose a significant threat worldwide. In India, the burden of cancer is on the rise, with millions of lives affected each year. Understanding the root causes of cancer is crucial for effective prevention and early detection. In this personalized blog, we’ll delve into the ten main causes of cancer in India, shedding light on how lifestyle, genetics, and environmental factors contribute to this formidable disease.

Tobacco Consumption

Tobacco consumption is a major driver of cancer in India, with a significant portion of the population addicted to smoking or chewing tobacco. The carcinogenic chemicals present in tobacco products, such as nicotine and tar, increase the risk of cancers of the lung, mouth, throat, and esophagus. It’s imperative to promote anti-smoking campaigns and provide support for those trying to quit.

Air Pollution

India’s air quality has long been a concern, and prolonged exposure to pollutants in the air can lead to lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. Particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals in the air can damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer. Adopting cleaner energy sources and promoting vehicular emission controls are essential steps to mitigate this risk.

Poor Diet and Obesity

Dietary habits and obesity are closely linked to cancer risk. A diet high in processed foods, red meat, and sugary drinks can increase the chances of developing colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Promoting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular physical activity, can help combat obesity and reduce cancer risk.

Infections

Infections, particularly viral infections, can lead to cancer. In India, hepatitis B and C infections are linked to liver cancer, while the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical and other cancers. Vaccination and early screening can help prevent and detect these infections before they progress to cancer.

Alcohol Consumption

Excessive alcohol consumption is another risk factor for several types of cancer, including mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and breast cancer. It’s essential to promote responsible drinking and provide education about the risks associated with alcohol abuse.

Lack of Physical Activity

A sedentary lifestyle is a growing concern in India and contributes to cancer risk. Physical inactivity is linked to colorectal, breast, and endometrial cancers. Encouraging regular physical activity and reducing prolonged sitting time can lower cancer risk and improve overall health.

UV Radiation

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can lead to skin cancer. Promoting sun-protective behaviors such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours can help prevent skin cancer.

Environmental Toxins

Exposure to environmental toxins and industrial pollutants can increase cancer risk. Efforts to regulate and reduce exposure to harmful chemicals in water, soil, and consumer products are essential to lowering cancer rates.

Genetic Factors

While lifestyle and environmental factors play a significant role, genetic factors also contribute to cancer risk. Certain genetic mutations can increase susceptibility to cancer. Genetic counselling and testing can help individuals assess their risk and make informed decisions about prevention and early detection.

Lack of Awareness and Early Detection-

Immunosppression is lack of ability of our body to fight against outside infections and cancers. Any person with immunosppressive state of body becomes high risk for development of cancer. Eg, HIV/AIDS infections increases risk of cervix cancer, anal cancer. Lymphomas etc. People living with such immunosuppressive states like HIV, Hepatitis B infections, should be made more aware about the possible cancers that can develop in thema nd the importance of regular screening for early detection.

Limited awareness about cancer and its risk factors often leads to late-stage diagnoses. Promoting cancer education and regular screenings for common cancers can significantly improve early detection and treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Understanding the primary causes of cancer in India is the first step towards prevention. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, reducing exposure to risk factors, and increasing awareness about cancer, we can collectively work towards reducing the burden of this disease in our country. Remember, early detection and prevention are key in the fight against cancer, so prioritize your health and well-being.

Old Age – Is Everyone Unfit For Cancer Treatment ?

In India, we are slowly moving toward an increased ratio of the geriatric population. Cancer is 11 times more likely to develop in people above 65 years compared to younger people. Advancing age is a risk factor for the development of cancer. Patients aged more than 65 account for 60% of newly diagnosed cancer cases and about 70% of all cancer deaths. Most common cancers include breast, lung, prostate, cervix, ovary, oral cancers and oesophagus. The global definition of geriatric patients is 65 years and above, but Indian guidelines include patients above 60 years of age in the geriatric population. It is known that the geriatric population is more prone to diagnosis malignancies than the younger ones. Some of the reasons why cancer is more common in the elderly include defective DNA repair mechanisms, age-related alterations in the immune system, accumulation of random genetic mutations leading to oncogene activation, lifetime carcinogen exposure, and hormonal alterations.

Geriatric population is also associated with various issues like comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty, geriatric syndromes, socioeconomic situations which makes their disease management more difficult; the comprehensive assessment of the geriatric patient in cancer treatment is necessary and recommended by the International society of Geriatric oncology but often not done since it requires more prolonged duration of time and trained oncologists. Furthermore, such data is much less available in Indian patients.

Even though most cancer patients are in the older age group, participation of older patients in cancer treatment trials has been very low. In Canada, it was found that patients who were 65 years or older accounted only for 22% of patients in the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group compared with 58% of the Canadian population with cancer from 1993–to 1996.[5] Also, in India, the number of older cancer patients enrolled in trials is much less compared to the other age groups.

In India, according to registry data, about 45–50% of all cancers in males and 35–41% of all cancer in females occur above the age of 60. The most common thinking in patient, relatives and clinicians mind, when a cancer is diagnosed in geriatric age group is that due to the age either the treatment for cancer is not possible or will not be tolerated. The chronological age of a person is not necessarily equal to their biological age and fitness of the person cannot be decided just by looking at the age

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that all geriatric oncology patients should undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) of various domains, including social support, physical function/falls, cognition, nutrition, medications, comorbid medical disorders, and depression This assessment can help identify the possible issues in a geriatric person that can be corrected and which can make the patient fit enough for the treatment. This improves patient’s comprehensive care and quality of life. Though the full comprehensive assessment is extensive and require time to be done in routine clinic, there are screening methods available for the clinicians which can guide them, as to which patient needs to be assessed more thoroughly.

As is said “Age is just a number”, its high time that we start believing the same and not decide one’s fate based on just the number. Cancer treatment can be provided for a centenarian as well. Let the oncologist decide on the appropriate management.

Cancer In Indian Women Still A Taboo

Women related cancers still remain a taboo in our country and that has become a major hurdle in their early detection and effective treatment. Due to the over whelming sense of shame associated with them, they are mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage.

There are mainly 4 female associated cancers; breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervix cancer and uterus cancer. There are effective screening methods available for breast cancer (self-breast examination and mammography) and cervix cancer (Pap smear and HPV viral testing) but ovary and uterus cancers do not have such methods, usually present with non specific symptoms at late stages like abdominal pain, bloating, persistent nausea, difficulty passing urine.

Along with the feeling of shame, there are various misconceptions attached with these gender related cancers, mostly about the cause of disease. Social myths also play role in making women feel reluctant in reporting any symptoms. Women themselves feel that they need to keep their family ahead of any personal need of their own. What they don’t understand is that , they need to remain healthy, to keep the family healthy and happy. Even if they feel the symptoms they are scared of reporting it simply because of the fear of treatment or even just the name of the disease “cancer”.

There is still the need of awareness among women, about the symptoms, treatment options and possibility of cure when a cancer is diagnosed. We need to provide them a safe open minded society which makes them comfortable enough to speak and come forward.

During treatment the most important [part of any decision making process is counselling. All the treatment modalities used for cancer have profound physical and psychological effect on women. Possibility of loosing their body organs like breast , loosing their reproductive capacity, chemotherapy related side effects, long term treatment related toxicities and altering their bodies for life, are the decisions that require time, discussion and support both from their doctors and their loved ones.

The genetic aspects of women cancers like BRCA mutations, their testing, methods, implications if diagnosed positive eon the patient and the family members, is something that is neglected many times during the usual cancer discussion by the patients themselves and at times by the physicians also. But it is the responsibility of the oncologist to make the patient understand the relevance of genetic testing, not just for now but for the future as well.

Lastly, the cancer patient support groups or the survivor group, though available in India, but still seems unable to reach enough people. Groups, not just for the patients who have recovered from cancer, but also for those who are battling it continuously and living with it daily, are the need of the hour. Its not just the medical treatment that matters, but the psychosocial trauma that comes with such a diagnosis should be dealt with utmost care, if we want to give the patient complete holistic treatment.

To conclude it should be emphasized above all things that when a man is affected, it affects one life but when a woman is ill, it affects the whole family. Though there are effective screening and preventive tools are available for women related cancers, the lack of awareness, association of social stigma attached to female related cancers, denial on the patient’s part about the disease diagnosis and treatment, lack of support from society and family , financial burden attached with cancer treatment and overall repression of women in our apparently, socially and economically progressive society has made cancer the epidemic that it is toady and which we shall be dealing with for a long time, if appropriate measures are not taken.

Meet Dr. Sameeksha Dubey, Best Oncologist in Nagpur known for her outstanding qualifications, vast experience, and steadfast commitment to advancing cancer care.